Historical Analysis Of Leather In India Research Paper

Historical Analysis Of Leather In India - Research Paper Example Sankar, an eminent expert on leather technology at the Oxford University, says that the industry releases harmful effluents and chemicals that pollute rivers and other water bodies (86). Moreover, much of this waste is released in a solid form that cannot be absorbed or disposed off effectively and is therefore contributing to the pollution of the environment. The Indian leather industry is composed of both established manufacturers as well as thousands of cottage industries engaged in the production of various types of leather. In 2010, the industry processed over 65 million animal hides and over 160 million skins to produce leather of various types and quality (Kaul 108). In fact, the latter constitute over three-fifths of the total industrial output. While leather production has existed in India for thousands of years, the modern practice of leather production were introduced by the British rules in the mid-nineteenth century. Over 60% of the industry’s output constitutes h ides and skins. Other leather products manufactured by these industries include leather garments, suitcases, belts and shoes (Kaul 95). Sawhney, a noted professor on Leather Technology at the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University in Hyderabad, India states that there are more than 2300 tanneries in the country with a combined turnover of $7.5 billion and are primarily concentrated in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and West Bengal (109). The industry exports most of its produce mainly to the western countries, Japan and Australia. The following figure shows the growth of the leather industry in India over the last 50 years. The information in this graphic is of importance as it highlights the gradual growth of the industry, its relative contribution to the national GDP and the extent to which the sector has come to dominate leather production in the global market. Fig. 1. Growth of the leather industry in India 1951-2007. Source: Sawhney, The new face of environmental management in India, 2008. While India remains a top exporter of leather, it has fallen behind Pakistan and Argentina in annua l output due to several factors. India has the highest population of cattle and enjoys lower labor costs that are essential for leather production. Such conditions would make one believe that India holds a distinct advantage when it comes to manufacturing leather (Sahasranaman 46). However, despite having the basic raw material required for the manufacture of leather, the Indian leather industry suffers from adequate technology and financial incentives required to operate the industries in a clean and pollution-free manner. Further, Indian leather manufacturers are driven by the incentive to keep costs at the very minimum and look upon treating effluents or utilizing cleaner techniques as additional expenditure (Sahasranamam 50). The presence of favorable conditions combined with the present inability of Indian leather manufacturers in coping with global demand has forced them to adopt cheaper and quicker means of production to enhance output volumes. Such pressures have however com e at the expense of the environment. In fact, Jenkins says that tanneries depend on as many as 700 different chemicals to treat and process animal hides, most of which are water insoluble and capable of rendering land and water toxic and unfit for human use (65). For instance, most leather companies situated near the banks of the Ganges River have simply preferred to dump their wastes directly into the river. These effluents contain large

The Scarlet Ibis by James Hurst Essay Example for Free

The Scarlet Ibis by James Hurst Essay Gaining from the ameliorate of ones disability, makes a person seem self-centered or conceited. The Scarlet Ibis, a short story by James Hurst tells the story of two brothers. Brother tells the story of his actions that contribute to his younger brothers death. Brothers pride is the main reason for Doodles yearly passing. This idea of pride, is a central theme in the story. Pride, a feeling of importance, merit, or superiority, can cause both positive and negative consequences. Moral integrity will destroy the career that took so long to build up. Brothers shame and embarrassment are forces that gave life to Doodle. Because Brother is ashamed of Doodles disability Brother tries to fix Doodle so that he can be pride of his brother. For example, when Brother learns that Doodle will not be able to walk, Brothers pride causes him to teach Doodle to walk. When Doodle said he could not walk, Brother replied, â€Å"Shut up. I’m not going to hurt you. I’m going to teach you to walk† (Hurst 346-347). Brother teaches Doodle to walk simply because he is embarrassed by his disabled brother. In fact Brother admits, â€Å"All of us must have something to be proud of† (347). Although Brothers reasons are selfish, Doodle is provided with a better life because of Brothers selfish actions. In addition, because Brother is so successful in teaching Doodle to walk, Brother feels even more pride in his accomplishments. Doodle explains, â€Å"I began to believe in my own infallibility† (349). Brother decided to teach Doodle to run, row, swim and climb trees. Certainly, if Doodle were capable of such things; running, rowing, swimming it would give Doodle a richer, fuller life. The same pride that gives Doodle life however, also steals his life. When the brothers go off to Horsehead Landing for a swimming lesson, a storm disrupts their plans. To escape the rain the brothers quickly head for home. Once Doodle slips and falls, Brother recongnizes that Doodle would always be different. Brother thinks, â€Å"He had failed and we both knew it. He would never be like the other boys at school† (352) The idea that Doodle is different continues to shame Brother. In fact, Brother is so ashamed that his actions cause suffering for Doodle. Brother abandons Doodle. Brother remembers, â€Å"The knowledge that Doodle’s and my plans had come to nothing was bitter, and that streak of cruelty within me awakened. I ran as fast as I could, leaving him far behind with a wall of rain dividing us† (353). At this point, Brothers pride is excessive and causes him to abandons his younger brother. When Brother finally went back he discovered his brother dead. â€Å"He had been bleeding from the mouth, and his neck and the front of his shirt were stained a brilliant red† (354). Brother pushes Doodle too far this time. His actions were helpful before where they were encouraging Doodle to have a better life, later they become so excessive Brothers pride pushes Doodle far beyond his capabilities. Brother pushes Doodle to the point that was not in his best interest. His pride causes destruction of his brothers life. A society cannot long exist without this sense of trust in each other, without some standards of truth. Lance Armstrong, a well-know cyclist and Tour de France seven time winner, was using illegal Performance Enhancing Drugs all while claiming honesty and integrity. Millions of fans putting their trust into him, having Armstrong play them like fools. Many children looked up to such an admirable athlete, showing them cheating to win is okay; then repeatedly lying about the actions Armstrong created. Moral integrity is beliefs regarding appropriate behavior in the right conduct. Lance Armstrong moral integrity is ruined. Armstrong thought it was morally acceptable to take Performance Enhancing Drugs while competing in the most prestigious cycling race. Lance Armstrong’s moral integrity ruined his career and also how people see him. Pride can be both a positive and negative force. Brother recognized this duality when he said, â€Å"Pride is a wonderful terrible thing, a seed that bears two vines, life and death† (347). Throughout the short story Brother stresses the duality, or the two sides of pride. It could of pushed Brother to do achieve greatness, but it became destructive when his obsession with helping Doodle pushed him to his early death. To have the public eye always watching Armstrong’s life, he should have know his behavior created a horrible moral integrity as a wellrespected celebrity.

Ernest Hemingway :: essays research papers

"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" was published by Scribner's Magazine in March of 1933, but it was not until 1956 that an apparent inconsistency in the waiters' dialogue was brought to Hemingway's attention. Hemingway's thirteen word reply to Judson Jerome, an Assistant Professor of English at Antioch College, said that he had read the story again and it still made perfect sense to him. Despite this letter, Scribner's republished "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" in 1965 with a slight change in the waiters' dialogue that they argued would fix the apparent anomaly. Scribner's decision to alter the original text, the letter Hemingway wrote to Professor Jerome, and several papers on the subject all add up to a literary controversy that still churns among Hemingway scholars. I will argue that the original text is the correct text and Scribner's just failed to interpret it properly. They failed to notice nuances in Hemingway's writing that appear throughout many of his other works. They obviously thought Hemingway's reply to Professor Jerome was made without notice of the inconsistency. Most important, I believe they did not evaluate the character of the two waiters in "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place." A careful examination of the character of each waiter can make it apparent that the original text was correct and that there was no need for Scribner's to alter the text. The dialogue in question results from a conversation the two waiters have concerning the old man's attempted suicide. One waiter asks "Who cut him down?", to which the other waiter replies "His niece." Later in the story, the original text appears to confuse who possesses the knowledge about the suicide. The waiter who previously said "His niece", now says: "I Know. You said she cut him down." This seems to assume the knowledge about the attempted suicide has either passed from one waiter to another, or that we have incorrectly attributed the first exchange to the wrong waiters. So which waiter asked about cutting down the old man? When the disputed dialogue between the two waiters takes place, we do not know enough about them to develop an outline of character. As the story progresses, the character of the two waiters emerges through their dialogue and thoughts, as does many of Hemingway's characters. Once the character of each waiter is developed and understood, the dialogue makes more sense when the story is read again.

Product Based Learning

After more than 15 years in Singapore, I will be returning to Australia. Helping to start an institution that was committed to the philosophy and practice of programmable learning has been tremendously enriching in many ways: trying to understand the unique nature of different disciplinary knowledge when crafting problems; deconstructing facilitation practice in classrooms made up of diverse students; designing faculty development activities that try to foster and model critical and reflective practice; and the creation of learning spaces, both concrete and virtual, all of which assist in the achievement of learning.My immersion in the practice and empirical research of PL has forced me to wrestle almost daily with philosophical questions that are not easily resolved. I share two such questions that have motivated constant reflection about PL. Question 1: What is the â€Å"self' in self-directed learning? Aristotle, Kant, Descartes, Habeas and Hegel all allude to the importance of t he concept of self in any theory of human development and learning. In PL there is a strong emphasis on the â€Å"self' directing learning. The appeal for self-directness is very compelling, yet hard to get a handle on.Contemporary sociological texts suggest we are constantly constructing our sense of self. So how does a PL facilitator understand the students' ever- changing sense of self so this can be acted upon, or, perhaps more fundamentally, how does the student derive a notion of self in a manner that would drive his or her learning? Furthermore if the self is embodied by the rational, the emotional, and biological attributes of an individual, how do these combine to inform self-directness? Question 2: How do PL institutions and facilitators affect the behavior of learners?When PL is implemented at an institutional level, it stems from the life that PL can affect the behaviors of students to achieve certain desired outcomes – what should be valued in the pursuit of cha nge? The various traditions in psychology and sociology address the question of how to affect behavior differently, I. E. , whether the emphasis is on altering the internal state, or the manipulation of external and social environments. Parker Palmer takes this divide further and asks is meaningful change from the human heart (the subjective) or from factors external from us (what is regarded as objective)?Add to that the belief that knowledge is socially constructed, and a yard of epistemological and ontological questions arise. In addressing these types of complex philosophical questions that underpin PL, have found myself, at times, confounded by the intricacies of the competing philosophical positions. This can lead, if one is not careful, to a paralysis wherein we choose to either dismiss PL as an idea that is too hard to come to terms with, or accept PL as method for teaching that is simply followed.I addressed the danger of the latter in a paper presented in 2004 at the 5th A sia Pacific Conference in PL: â€Å"An explicit philosophy of teaching grounded in the beliefs of what is knowledge and learning, while also taking into the account the context within which a teacher operates, can provide the basis of a conviction for one's actions, an anchor that can secure the teacher when faced with the opposition that naturally occurs in trying to enact a vision of a better education. This is especially so for those trying to implement or sustain PL in the â€Å"hallowed† halls of reproductive pedagogy.Without a philosophical basis of PL the educator is placed in a perplexed situation of trying to defend the house built on sand with the tide washing in. In deciding to flee from the UN- enable fight he becomes akin to a nomadic wanderer searching the waste lands of instrumentalist drifting from one pedagogical fad to the next but being unable to establish a foundation long enough to ensure when the next wave of â€Å"what is good education† hits th e beach that they are not swept up by it. I share these philosophical questions, as hand the baton over to the new editor of Reflections on PL Karen Gogh, with the purpose of pointing out how there is a continued need to persist in the reflection of PL both empirically and philosophically. In this edition we feature highlights from the 3rd International Symposium on Problem-eased Learning and include two research papers that were presented at the symposium. I really valued the symposium as we collectively grappled with the philosophical and practical issues of PL.

Hallstead Jewelers Essay

Hallstead Jewelers was one of the largest jewellery and gift stores in the United States for 83 years. Customers came from throughout the region to buy from extensive collections in each department. Any gift from Hallstead’s had an extra cache attached to it as they were known for having the best. Even though the principal retail shopping areas shifted two blocks west, Hallstead’s reputation and selection still brought in customers. In 1999 however, sales became stagnate and profits were starting to slip. The owners (two sisters, Gretchen and Michaela) made several changes in an effort to revitalize the store back to its full glory. The largest decision they made was to move the stores location, expanding it by 50% more space and selling staff. This move resulted in a five-year lease as well as extensive and expensive renovations. They also made some changes in product offerings and offered more sales potential at the cost of minor reductions in margins. During the year it took to complete the Hallstead’s renovation the industry started showing major changes toward internet based jewellery sales. Tiffany & Company, a business with an origin much like Hallstead Jewelers, grew into an international powerhouse. At the same time, a start-up internet seller, Blue Nile, became the second largest diamond seller in the U.S. While Hallstead’s was growing their fixed costs by doubling their rent payments, Tiffany and Blue Nile were increasing their revenue with â€Å"virtual† storefronts allowing them to increase sales with very little increase in expense. In an effort to explore ideas in strategy that would return the business to profitability, the sisters compiled some questions for their accountant to analyze using some additional operating statistics. 2.0 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CASE Inherited business tradition. Changing in management style. Reduce in sales and profit from year 2003 – 2004. In 2004, moving stores location, expanding it by 50% more space and selling staff. Greater loss in year 2006. Changing in market demand and growing of new competitors. 3.0 CASE SOLUTIONS & ANALYSIS Question 1 – How has the breakeven point in number of sales tickets (number of customer orders written) and breakeven in sales dollars changed from 2003, to 2004, and to 2006? Haw has the margin of safety changed? What caused the changes? The total variable and fixed costs have been categorised in the following income statement of Hallstead Jewelers: Hallstead Jewelers

The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Essays

The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Essays The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Paper The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Paper Essay Topic: Literature Things Fall apart The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats describes a world about to reach yet another transition in its history, one much worse than the prior. In Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, Okonkwo views the scenario presented in Yeats poem as his reality. The first four lines of The Second Coming which Achebe decided to preface his book with can be seen as a topical representation of Okonkwos experiences in the novel. Turning and turning in the widening gyre/ The falcon cannot hear the falconer is how Yeats starts his poem, and consequently it is how Achebe begins Things Fall Apart. For both the poem and the story, this line prepares the reader for what is to follow. The turning in the widening gyre suggests a continual cycle where things are becoming worse and worse. For Okonkwo, this is how the novel plays out for him. Things Fall Apart is very episodic, that is to say that what happened in a prior event has absolutely no consequence on the next one. This structure allows us to see the individual and isolated hardships which Okonkwo suffered through. Were first shown that because of his strong work ethic that one year he decided to plant his yams early, but because of terrible conditions his harvest failed completely. Those who had not started early had a plentiful harvest however. This small trial was easily overcome, and then the next one appears. He is caught beating his wife during the Week of Peace, and is forced to sacrifice that which the priest tells him. Similarly, a minor road bump in the road of life and is easily overcome by giving up a few material possessions. Okonkwos first real trial appears when Obierika informs him that Ikemefuna will be killed. Unfortunately for Okonkwo, the best case scenario is still a horrible one; his beloved adopted son will be killed. Obierika actually advises Okonkwo to remain in the village and not participate in killing. Okonkwo goes anyway, and strikes down Ikemefuna to avoid being seen as weak. This action has numerous consequences for the main character. First of all, he destroys the relationship with Nwoye which he finally began to build. Secondly, he has done the unspeakable; he murdered one of his own kinsmen (Ikemefuna can be considered as kin because he ended up calling Okonkwo father). This was all done in the name of what he viewed as masculinity. Ironically, no one else thought it would be considered weak to stay behind, that is indeed what he was told to do by the oracle! Ikemefuna was an example of how one could be masculine and gentle at the same time; Okonkwos murder of his son can be seen as him also killing the idea that masculinity isnt the opposite of feminism and weakness. Okonkwo murdered more than just his son; he murdered his only possible way of overcoming his major flaw. Just as the first line of Yeats poem suggest, things will get worse before they truly fall apart. And they do, Okonkwos later exile is an example of that. Things fall apart; the center cannot hold/ Mere anarchy is loosed up on the world continues the poem. Once again, it is important to realize that this statement holds true for Okonkwo only, as Things Fall Apart is his story, not Achebes story of an entire culture. The things which Okonkwo hold most dear and important to his life all begin to fall apart: his family, especially his son Nwoye, his religion, and his overall way of life. When still exiled at the village, we receive word of Nwoyes conversion to Christianity. This is an interesting point in the story, because unlike many novels the reader is not sure with whom to side. Okonkwo is the main character whom weve been following and more likely than not we tend to sympathize with him. Nwoye, however, seems to find a lot of answers hes looking for in the initial description of Christianity by the missionaries. For Okonkwo, this has many consequences. First of all, as much as he may dislike it, Nwoye is how his legacy will live on. Secondly, Nwoyes willingness to accept the new religion is actually caused in most part by how he was raised. He was always looking for answers to questions about various incidences which happened in his life such as the death of his older brother Ikemefuna. Another component which illustrates things beginning to fall apart is the aspect of religion in Okonkwos life. As demonstrated by his actions, he very much respects his religion. But even this sacred seemingly untouchable aspect of his life becomes tainted by the white man, another aspect of his essence being ripped away. This is shown when the missionaries are offered a piece of land by the elders in the Evil Forest to build a church. They built their church without any problems, negating the power that religion said the Evil Forest should have possessed. In turn this not only shattered Okonkwos own confidence of his religion, it won over even more converts. This action then not only affected Okonkwos intrapersonal side, but affected his interpersonal relationships as well. Lifelong friends began to convert, and while the reader may not see the huge issue, Okonkwo felt as if they had betrayed him and could therefore no longer associate himself with them. How are we supposed to view the white mans affect on Umofia? Clearly things are changing, is this change for the better or worse? In Okonkwos view any change is bad change. For many of the villagers, however, this change has brought them peace as well as a much greater financial success. But since this is Okonkwos story, we can view the progression of this novel as anarchy being loosed upon the world. Achebe did not haphazardly use Yeats poem The Second Coming in his novel Things Fall Apart. The poem sets the mood from the beginning for the main character Okonkwo, and provides a parallel storyboard to what is occurring in his life as well.

Cable Modem Access essays

Cable Modem Access essays The Internet has been around for over 40 years and despite technological advances in speed, people still complain that its too slow. How can people get their favorite songs or visit their favorite sites before dinner is over? This paper will discuss one option, cable internet access. Until now internet the public had to access the WWW through slow phone lines, connecting anywhere from 300 bps in the infancy of public access to 56k. But now there are several high-speed alternatives to the old phone line, one being the cable modem. Using your cable TV provider as your ISP, people can access the Internet at speeds up to 27 Mbps, but limitations with hardware limit this to about 2Mbps (www.TechTarget.com). This speed is fine for most users. It is also always on. Meaning you do not have to dial-up to your ISP. It is similar to a LAN connection. This hasnt been done before mainly because when cable TV companies were being formed, the networks were only being set up to send data and not to receive it. The remedy for this was to upgrade the networks not only to be able to receive information, but to handle the larger amount of bandwidth (www.Vicomsoft.com). The way cable internet access is possible is my using a standard cable TV coax line as the medium and a cable modem to connect the computer to the Internet. The cable TV provider has a Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) that then goes through the coax line to the home. The coax line is then connected to a splitter, with one line going to the television or set-top box, and the other to the cable modem (www.Techtarget.com). The cable modem then is connected to a PC via a Cat 3 or 5 cable to a network card. Some modems can also be connected via the USB or FireWire port. The type of modem a person needs depends on the standard the provider is using. One may be using the Multimedia Cable Network Systems (MCNS)/ Data over Cable Systems Interface S ...

Make Fireballs You Can Hold in Your Hand

Make Fireballs You Can Hold in Your Hand Fire is made up of light and heated gases from combustion. You can control the temperature of fire by selecting a fuel that burns with a cool flame. If you pour the fuel onto a substance that wont burn, you can make a fireball that you can hold in your hand or juggle. Here are written instructions for making your own handheld fireballs. Materials Needed to Make Fireballs 2 x 5 strip of cotton cloth (like from a t-shirt)100% cotton threadNeedleNaphtha lighter fluid (e.g., Ronsonolâ„ ¢)Match or lighter How to Make a Handheld Fireball Thread the needle with cotton thread.Tightly roll the cotton strip into a ball.Pierce the ball with the needle and wrap the ball with the thread. End by running the needle through the ball one more time and break off the thread.Soak the ball with lighter fluid. Dont soak your hands.Dont ignite the fireball while you are holding it. Set the ball on a fire-proof surface. I used a frying pan from my kitchen.If you want to hold the fireball, my recommendation is to pick it up with tongs and carefully/slowly set it on your hand. That way youll be able to tell if you can take the heat or not. Once you gain some confidence, you can pick the fireball up using your fingers. Safety Additional Information Its best to use 100% cotton fabric and thread. If the fiber is synthetic (like nylon or polyester) it might burn or melt, with unpleasant consequences.The trick to this demonstration is the fuel. It needs to be naphtha or kerosene. I have had good luck with Ronsonolâ„ ¢ and Zippoâ„ ¢ (not the butane stuff... read your ingredient list). Rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) works, but it burns a little hotter.Its pretty hard to blow the fireball out. You either need to blow hard or else suffocate the flame to extinguish it. You can set a saucepan lid over the fireball.The fireballs are reusable. Put them out when they run out of fuel or else the cotton will burn (you can tell this is happening when the ball starts to blacken and produce sooty smoke). If you get to the point where the cotton itself is burning, the fireball will be too hot to hold. Ideally, you want to extinguish the fireball before it consumes all of its fuel. Simply soak it in more lighter fluid and relight it to reuse it.Regarding holding these in your hand or doing tricks with them... the cone of the flame is hot, especially above the ball, however, the fuel burns at a relatively low temperature. The flashpoint of Ronsonolâ„ ¢ brand of naphtha is 6Â °C or 43Â ° F, with combustion mainly around 400Â °F. To put that in perspective, touching the fireball is a lot like touching a hot pizza right out of the oven (except without the sticky cheese part). Fireballs are great fun to make, but like all fire projects, use proper safety precautions and common sense. Dont get burned or set your house or yard on fire. This is a project which requires adult supervision. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Essay - 5

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness - Essay Example Impacts of Globalization and Technology on AECOM The inception of globalization and advancement in technologies has facilitated AECOM to expand its business operations across the globe. At the same time, the operational performance of the company has also witnessed certain severe impacts with the advent of globalization and the advancement in technologies. Correspondingly, with the rise of globalization the company was able to spread its operations all over the world to a large extent and has considerably attained the benefits arising thereon. Owing to lessen trade barriers, the company was able to provide its services to different regions of the world and ensure its active presence in the global arena. It has also been ascertained that the continuous expansion of the company is largely due to the operational opportunities presence in various nations of the world. Apart from this, the use of advanced technology is also another factor that has immensely contributed towards the reasona ble success of the company. The use of new technologies has enabled the company to exploit unreached business opportunities in the most efficient and convenient manner. Furthermore, the incorporation of the latest technologies has also facilitated in enhancing the quality of services of the company to a considerable extent. However, apart from these positive aspects, globalization has increased the level of competition for the company. Prior to globalization the operations of the company was almost monopoly without much threat of the competitors. However, with the advent of the globalization and technological advancement the AECOM has significantly resulted in the breaking of its monopoly from the marketplace. (Parker, 2005). The Application of Industrial Organization Model and Resource-based Model It has been noted that, the performance of the company is considerably good over the years. However, implementation of the industrial organization model and the resource-based model can b e effective in enhancing the performance of the company up to the next level. Since, the company operates on a larger scale and in a widespread market the industrial model is ascertained to be vitally effective. The industrial model advocates that it is the sole decision of the company to operate in a particular market and determines its performance. Additionally, the implementation of this model will facilitate the company to choose less competitive market for its operation which can ultimately raise its performance graph. On the other hand, the resource-based model can also be valuable in its several ways. This model reflects the ability of the company to collect valuable internal resources and build strategies in accordance to the available resources. The company can first choose resources for its production and utilized the same at the largest extent so that it can gain competitive advantage over its rivals. Subsequently, the company needs to choose an appropriate market for its services with less competition and formulate its strategies accordingly to reap the best benefit arising from the selected market. It can be argued that these models would eventually upgrade the performance of the company to a greater extent (Heracleous, 2003). Influence of Vision Statement and Mission Statement on AECOM The operation of the company has seen to be quite successful especially owing to its strict adherence to its mission and vision. It

Industrial Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Industrial Revolution - Essay Example All this sudden change upgraded the living status of the British men, leading them to acquire an aristocratic kind of lifestyle. There was also an emergence of social classes in the society namely: wealthy class, middle class and poor class. As per (Goloboy ,15),â€Å"Most obviously, the industrial revolution transformed the nature of work. Increasingly, Americans worked for wages rather than within a family farm economy†. â€Å"The ‘industrial revolution’ was one of the three or four most important transformations in human history, and Britain was the first society to experience it†(Hoppit,2010).The industrialization began with cotton production which multiplied the productivity of cotton threads 10 times more than previous rate. The industrial revolution also increased the production of iron to a staggering level, which helped in the invention of electricity, trains, telephones, and radio... There was also an incredible amount of yield in agricultural sid e as the crops like turnips, clover and alfafa boomed. The industrial revolution also increased the population ratio as the food supply was immense along with financial system enrichment on government side â€Å"The industrial revolution was a process of household – based resource relocation that increased both the supply of marketed commodities and labor and the demand for market supplied goods† (Vries ,249-253).Interestingly, there was also a decline in the death rate of people as dangerous disease like plague and small pox started declining. Apart from bringing prosperity to American and Europe, industrial revolution also had its big share of drawbacks .The main issue was the emergence of industrial class, pollution, unemployment and child labor. 4 â€Å"Many people argued about the effects of the industrial revolution. Opponents point to the ugly over crowded towns, the ruin of vast areas of the country side, the quest for profit, and the employment of women and c hildren in dangerous jobs† (Ross, 34).There was mass emergence of large cities with a complex transportation system which led to higher amount of pollution in the environment. The industrial revolution declined quality of living of human beings from a natural angle and also depleted the natural resources to a great extent. In this 21st century, the globe has undergone a massive industrialization and in one way on technologically basis, we are far from excellence. Still, there are lots of countries which are in developing stage and in under developing stage. Development is good, but when it destroys our very natural environment, health and well being and humanity, then it can become our very own enemy. Now the super powers like America, England and Germany, have exceeded the limits of Industrialization and technological revolution and have depleted much natural resources of the planet. According to (Shapley), â€Å"The United States must be held accountable for its emissions, double the per capita level in Europe, and should follow the EU lead by committing to reducing its total greenhouse gas

Research Methods in Criminal Justice Assignment

Research Methods in Criminal Justice - Assignment Example igation: the kind of parenting that a child had during upbringing, whether single parenting or with both parents present or no parent being there and the outcome of the upbringing (The success of the child in adulthood). However, the journalist has written his headline in a definite manner likely to suggest to the reader that the only way one can raise a child who will be successful in future is by ensuring that both parents are present when the child is growing up. The outcome of the researcher’s work is clear and concise; the individuals who were raised by both parents exhibited higher career success scores than individuals who were raised by one parent. The journalist ought to have taken the point that the research was not as explicit as the newspaper article was. In journalism, it is recommended that the writer of the story leaves it upon the audience to form independent opinions on the matter after reading the story. In this case, however, the writer seems to suggest to the reader a certain position, which might be taken to be offensive by the people affected, especially individuals who were raised by single parents. B. The researcher opted to post an advertisement online in a local advertising website in order to look for volunteers for his study. He then pays the participants $10 each for their participation and has them answer some question about their later career successes in life. In undertaking research in this manner, the researcher cannot guarantee the authenticity of the data he came up with. This is because by posting the advertisement online, the researcher was seeking for volunteers. When he decided to pay the individuals who participated in his survey, he might have drawn the attention of other individuals who just needed to get some money, with the information they gave out being compromised. With this in regard, the researcher failed to insulate the data he would receive against people who were more inclined towards getting the ten dollars

Social and Environmental Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social and Environmental Reporting - Essay Example This support from the various stakeholders is essential for the company in order to ensure that business continues to exist. Stakeholders of the company are varied – they are investors, lenders, creditors, employees, managers, the environment in which the company operates, government, general public and local community. The co-operation between the multiple stakeholders is essential condition for any company to reach excellence. Stakeholders have a direct effect on the decision of the management. Even if all stakeholders are on board but the local community is against a particular project of the company; productivity is likely to be effected as local community will influence government and the employees. Companies can no longer function in isolation. Their activities are likely to have an impact on various stakeholders and it becomes their duty to keep them informed. (Idowu, 2010) Legitimacy Theory Any organisation operates in a social environment which has certain values whic h are acceptable and certain others which are not. Every company seeks to establish congruence between the accepted social norms and the social values associated with the company or implied by their activities. (Rizk, 2010) When there is a disparity between the two; protests are likely to take place and this will be a threat to the organisational legitimacy. Every company likes to gain legitimacy among its stakeholders by performing one of the following activities – Educate public about its activities and the change in them Change the perception of public about the company Manipulate the perception by deflecting attention on to something else Change expectations of performance among the stakeholders. Benefit to the Business of SER – Strengthens the relation of the company with stakeholders Self regulation by the company reduces litigations and government interventions Identifies the risk associated with a business move and reduces the risks Improves profitability of th e company in long run Attracts positive PR for the company (Higgins, 2010) A company which is seen in positive light also attracts a lot of investment. Gives the company competitive advantage. Analysis of Rolls Royce according to Stakeholder Theory Rolls Royce operates in three basic areas – aviation, marine and energy. The main problem that various stakeholders can have in these areas is the pollution caused by the company. The company’s report recognises this problem and also states the various measures that they have taken or are proposing to take in order to mitigate the environmental concerns associated with the company’s operations. The company has mentioned three basic challenges in the sectors and has also come out with solution to the challenges – The Trent XWB engine which is being developed by the company will increase fuel efficiency in the aviation sector by about 16% and thus reduce the carbon foot print of the company. (Rolls-royce.com, 201 0) The Bergen mean burn gas engine emits almost no sulphur and reduces the nitrogen and carbon content in the atmosphere by 90 % and 20% respectively. This step is aimed at telling the stakeholders about the environmental friendly operations of the company in the marine sector (Rolls-royce.com, 2010). In the energy sector ; the company has developed gas turbines which will operate on either dry or

Letter for imigration about the reinstatement Essay

Letter for imigration about the reinstatement - Essay Example (Here I will have to insert a valid reason as to why you failed in your subjects which you did not mention) But I promise to make up for it. I only have two quarters to finish before I could graduate. That is why I am hoping that my three years of studying would not go to waste. I came here for the sole purpose of attaining good quality education and I have high hopes not just for myself but for my country as well. I am also considering to be of service to your country in many ways I can. Add to that, your standard of teaching has been known around the world and I cannot just let go of this great opportunity. Besides, I am financially capable of supporting my schooling. I never had a bad record or a history of deportation. For the past ___ years, I have been a law abiding citizen, never tarnishing the reputation of your country nor that of Indonesia. I was never involved in crimes, fraud or any other violations of the US Citizenship and Immigration Services regulations. The documents attached herewith would prove that. For one, my immigration documents are valid and accurate. Rest assured I will continue to follow rules and maintain my status as an international student if I be given a chance to study in your country again.

Infant Mortality in African American Group Essay

Infant Mortality in African American Group - Essay Example This finding means that the effect of prenatal care against no prenatal care on infant mortality rates within the first year of life is not different in African American women who have delivered live infants (Minnesota Department of Health, 2013).A study done by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) revealed that infant mortality has reduced in the United States because of the decline in neonatal deaths associated with low birth weight. The report states that prenatal smoking contributes to low birth weight that in turn leads to increased infant mortality. No matter the group involved, the report observes that intensive prenatal care helps to reduce infant mortality rates (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013).Abusalah (2012) agrees with the above study by stating that low birth weight is a critical factor related to infant mortality rates. Pollution from things such as smoking of various tobacco products and exposure to wood fuel smoke causes many women to gi ve birth to low weight infants whose life is at risk especially during their first year of life. As such, Abusalah (2012) states, â€Å"Health professionals who provide prenatal care have a critical role to play in raising awareness of harms from environmental smoke exposure, especially in low income communities† (Abusalah, 2012).   This shows that prenatal care goes a long way in helping reduce infant mortality. Therefore, African American mothers who are provided with better prenatal care could experience lower infant mortality.

Letter for imigration about the reinstatement Essay

Letter for imigration about the reinstatement - Essay Example (Here I will have to insert a valid reason as to why you failed in your subjects which you did not mention) But I promise to make up for it. I only have two quarters to finish before I could graduate. That is why I am hoping that my three years of studying would not go to waste. I came here for the sole purpose of attaining good quality education and I have high hopes not just for myself but for my country as well. I am also considering to be of service to your country in many ways I can. Add to that, your standard of teaching has been known around the world and I cannot just let go of this great opportunity. Besides, I am financially capable of supporting my schooling. I never had a bad record or a history of deportation. For the past ___ years, I have been a law abiding citizen, never tarnishing the reputation of your country nor that of Indonesia. I was never involved in crimes, fraud or any other violations of the US Citizenship and Immigration Services regulations. The documents attached herewith would prove that. For one, my immigration documents are valid and accurate. Rest assured I will continue to follow rules and maintain my status as an international student if I be given a chance to study in your country again.

The Causes and Effects of air pollution on the people and the Essay

The Causes and Effects of air pollution on the people and the environment - Essay Example In addition, air pollutants are transboundary in nature as they travel freely from the source in which they are produced to other locations and thereby spread the pollutants throughout the region. This nature has resulted in health affects for humans, animals as well as negative environmental impacts on trees, plants and forests which have in turn incurred economic losses through medical expenses and other damages (Air Pollution Effects). Air Pollution – Causes Man-made sources The major causes of air pollution come from human activities while on a minority result from natural causes. The beginning of the industrial revolution has brought with it tremendous growth of industries, population and globalization which have hugely contributed to the growing air pollution across the world. The industrial growth resulted in the establishment of several sectors such as power and biofuel industries, refineries, residential sector and the development of road, rail, and air transport. Eac h of these sectors has liberated pollutants into the air in the form of gases, solid or liquid particles. Among the major gaseous form of pollutants, sulfur-dioxide, which is a colorless gas with a pungent odor, is released during combustion of fossil fuels. The generation of power through electricity and the consequent production of heat produce a cocktail of air pollutants. The combustion of coal, which is a widely used source of energy in the power sector, produces sulfur-dioxide in large amounts in addition to other greenhouse pollutants such as arsenic, lead, and mercury. Other industries which release large amounts of sulfur-dioxide into the atmosphere are the manufacturing and construction industries and those which produce non-ferrous metals. The next major gaseous pollutant released is nitrogen oxides which is present in two major forms: nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide. These are produced during the combustion of fossil fuels, motor fuel combustion from vehicles, from pow er plants, and deforestation. Carbon monoxide which is a highly toxic colorless, odorless and tasteless gas is also mainly produced during deforestation, combustion of biofuels and vehicular combustion. Ammonia gas, which has a pungent odor and hazardous in nature is produced through agricultural practices such as livestock farming and animal waste. The ozone, which is a colorless, poisonous gas with an irritating odor, is present in the stratosphere and troposphere layer of the atmosphere. While the ozone in the stratosphere layer protects the earth against the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun, that in the troposphere is a secondary pollutant which is produced as a result of a chemical reaction between other pollutants in the presence of sunlight. Other air pollutants includes solid or liquid airborne particles which are suspended in the atmosphere, volatile organic compounds such as pure hydrocarbons or organic compounds and other persistent pollutants such as pesticides like D DT (Air Pollution Causes). Natural sources The

Genetically modified organism Essay Example for Free

Genetically modified organism Essay You are what you eat, and eating genetically modified food can harm your body. We are now living in an era where we tend to change everything to make it â€Å"better†, but eating genetically mutated food is not always the best option for everyone. Injecting hormones to the food that you eat everyday is bad for you because it affects 3 main aspects; health, environmental and economic. First of all I’ll start by informing you what genetically modified food really is. Genetically modified foods are those that come from an animal or vegetable origin that its genetic and chemical composition has been manipulated to increase its nutritional power or by making them more resistant to plagues. â€Å"GM foods are the ones that have been artificially changed by scientists in a laboratory. † The first GM for humans to eat was created on May 18, 1994, when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of The United States authorized the commercialization of the first food with a strange gene, the modified food, created by a Californian company had the characteristic of having a retarded cycle of blossom. With this new technique of genetically modified food, scientists have achieved food to have certain characteristics. For example: plagues, herbicides and high temperature resistant, change in color and seedless food. â€Å"The first GM for humans to eat was created on May 18, 1994†, when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of The United States authorized the commercialization of the first food with a strange gene, the modified food, created by a Californian company had the characteristic of having a retarded cycle of blossom. At the moment, the most common mutated foods are vegetables and fruits, and the most consumed by the people. Some examples of these can be: corn, tomatoes, potatoes, lemons, lettuce and more. Some reasons of why scientists think that mutated food is good for you may be Like almost everything, GM has its advantages and disadvantages, but in this case the side that is supposed to be the advantages, are really not that accurate or efficient like they say they are. This food that is modified at a genetic level, are better and have a greater quality that any other food of this type, but, at the same time by trying to make them resistant to plagues, the poison that has been implanted in his genes to kill the plagues, so the plants are going to have poison running inside them, poison that if it kills insects, it may affect our health in some way. This poison, related with the natural selection that does every species more and more strong. So, if an insect does not resist the poison that has certain plant anymore, this insect was evolving up to such a point of becoming immune to this poison. And if to the plant poison gets more, the insect every time will return mas and mas resistant to this one; and as immediate consequence of this, it might cause the total destruction of the plants that do not have this type of poison in his interior, stopping unprotected totally to the normal plants, of any assault of these new super plagues. Now that you know why scientists do this, I? ll tell you the mayor disadvantages of this process. Some of the risks that develop from the usage and consuming of GM affect our health, the environment, and the economic aspect. One of the health problems that can cause is to create a high allergic reaction of the substances that this kind of food has inside. Also, as more substances are inside the food the we eat, the more we are to become immune to the kind of substances or â€Å"antibiotics that they contain. It affects the environment because the high usage of herbicides in food affects the soil. And it also affects the economic aspect because it take more money to invest in GM food, rather than in normal food. In summary Genetically Modified food is food that has injected substances to make it better or to have some specific outcome that scientists wanted it to have. But in my opinion this substances inside the genes of the food is bad for people to consume. It can affect you in aspects like health, environmental and economic. To sum up, now that you know about transgenic products and their risks I hope that you consider all of what I just said In conclusion, genetically modified food is bad for your health, we should always be aware of the thing we eat everyday and try no eat more fresh food rather than prepared ones. Start by taking care of yourselves and others; stay healthy. Bibliography -Consumers with Allergic Reaction to Food: Perception of and Response to Food Risk in General and Genetically Modified Food in Particular, Galina Gaivoronskaia and Bjorn Hvinden, Science, Technology, Human Values , Vol. 31, No. 6 (Nov. , 2006), pp. 702-730 -Goodrich Schneider, R. (2007). Genetically modified food. Manuscript submitted for publication, University of Florida, Tampa, Florida. Retrieved from http://edis. ifas. ufl. edu/fs084 -Collins, Ted. GM Foods. CBBC News round (2010): n. pag. Web. 18 Nov 2011.

Gambling Addiction: Compulsive or Pathological Gambling Essay -- Compu

I am very interested in how a person could psychologically and physically feel the need to gamble. It interests me that a compulsion could turn into physical want and pain if the compulsion isn’t fulfilled. This could actually be classified as an addiction, which some people would also classify it as a disease. People gamble for many different reasons. Some people do it for the excitement in which it will make them feel a release of adrenaline. Another reason why some people do it is because they are very competitive and they want to feel the burst of energy that they would possibly get from beating other players or even the dealer. Another thing that pulls them in would be the risk of it all. They make a high dollar bet and the moments in between that bet being placed and the outcome send a thrill throughout their body, wondering what the outcome will be. Some people believe that if they gamble, they will be able to solve financial issues such as not being able to pay monthly bills, alimony, child support, foreclosure, etc. Other people find gambling can be a way that they run from stress and they feel that they don’t have the need to worry about life’s issues. With gambling being an addiction, people will make excuses as to why they do it. Gambling is a lot like drinking alcohol. Some people argue that doing any gambling, like drinking any alcohol, is a bad thing and will only lead to problems that will build up and become much worse. Other people argue that doing sensible gambling in moderation, like drinking in moderation, is perfectly acceptable and a safe thing to do. They do, however, have some rules that make the sensible gambling seen â€Å"okay† to them. Here are some of the rules. Some people believe that you need to sta... ...es you wish there was something more that you could do to help. It is hard for people to admit to having this problem so there are probably more people out there then we would ever know. Works Cited Foundation, M. H. (2011). Gambling. Retrieved from Mental Health Foundation: http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/help-information/mental-health-a-z/G/gambling/ Health, W. (2009). Gambling. Retrieved from Women's Health: http://www.womens-healthcare.org/mental-health/gambling.html Jean Segal, M. S. (2013, July 13). Gambling Addiction & Problem Gambling: Warning Signs and How to Get Help. Retrieved from Helpguide: http://www.helpguide.org/mental/gambling_addiction.php Roxanne Dryden-Edwards, M. (2013, Novemeber 26). Gambling Addiction (Compulsive or Pathological Gambling). Retrieved from MedicineNet: http://www.onhealth.com/gambling_addiction/article.htm

Global Warming and its Causes and Solutions :: essays research papers

Global warming has been one of the leading environmental issues for the past several years. Global warming is when an excess of certain gasses are produced and trap the sun’s heat in the atmosphere. One of the most abundant of these gasses is carbon dioxide. It is released when fossil fuels and other things are burned for their energy. The average American family of 2 will produce 41,500 pounds of carbon dioxide per year. The Earth is able to cope with a certain amount of these gasses otherwise known as greenhouse gasses. With all of this the earth is heating up faster than most of it inhabitants can adapt. Some just can’t cope with the new conditions and some are having their habitat destroyed by it. Other gasses are destroying the ozone and letting in harmful UV rays and heating the earth even more. The earth has been doing fine but now many countries are in the industrial age and are manufacturing things and releasing more greenhouse gasses. The earth is essentially being thrown out of its natural balance. We started doing harmful things and only now do we realize what we have done and what we are doing. At this current rate by the middle of next century the earth’s temperature may rise a predicted 10 degrees Fahrenheit. This may not seem as much but with the earths delicate balance we will have lost several species and habitats. We all say that we are working to help the earth and yet we have only done a very small percent of what we need to do. Scientists are worried that soon the effects of what we have done may be irreversible. We have the technology to do it, but countries are concerned they will lose too much money. They are already wasting it on other unnecessary things and if they were to reduce funding to them we could have enough money to do these changes and probably still have some left to help fund other countries efforts. We are cutting down thousands of earth’s natural air filters as we speak. Trees and plants take some of the carbon dioxide and turn it into oxygen helping us and the environment.

Ppi and the Big Mac Index

Estimating the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) of currencies using the Big Mac Indexâ„ ¢ Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Purchasing Power Parity and Theory of one Price 3. Over/Under Valuation of currencies against the Dollar 5. Comparative analysis of the most overvalued to the most undervalued 6. Observation and Alternative indexes 7. Limitations 8. Appendix INTRODUCTION Purchasing power parity (PPP) is an important and critical topic in international economics. It arises when the purchasing power of an amount of money is the same in different countries. This is when prices of two different countries are converted to a common currency. The idea is based on the law of one price, where in the absence of official trade restrictions, similar goods will have the same price in different markets, with the prices being expressed in the same (common) currency. Deviations from parity infer differences in purchasing power of goods across countries, which means that for the purposes of many international comparisons, countries' GDPs or other national income statistics need to be â€Å"PPP adjusted† and converted into common units. There can be a huge difference when adjusted by purchasing power and when converted via market exchange rates. For ex:- If calculated at nominal exchange rates, India has the tenth largest economy while adjusting by PPP, India has the fourth largest economy. Thus, to remove this discrepancy, a common currency of measurement is highly essential. The Big Mac Index is an example of a measure of law of one price. It refers to the prices of a Big Mac burger in McDonald's restaurants in different countries. It helps in determining whether a currency is undervalued or overvalued and thus accordingly gives an idea about the direction in which currencies should move. The Big Mac was selected because it is available for a common purpose in many countries around the world as local McDonald's franchisees have significant responsibility for converting input prices(at least in theory). The Big Mac Index is useful because it is based on a very well-known food item whose final price can be easily tracked in many countries. PPP and the Theory of One Price The One-Price Theory The theory of PPP and One price go hand in hand. It is imperative to understand the implication of â€Å"One Price† to understand the Purchase Power Parity as it is based on that. The Law of One Price proposes that if a gadget costs $2 in USA and the same gadget costs Rs 5 in India , then the exchange rate should be 2/5 = 0. 40 for the real prices to be same in both the countries. Let us denote it empirically as Price of a good in one country A be X and Price of the same good in some other country B is X* , then equalization of both the prices can be done using exchange rate denoted by the formula Exchange Rate = X/X* Suppose in the above example where the exchange rate is calculated to be 0. 4, increases to 0. 6, and then the same gadget would cost Rs 8. 33 in India. This would result in the inflow of gadgets to India from USA causing increase in the demand of dollars and increase in supply of Rupees. Law of One Price (LoOP) It states that identical goods should sell at same price in two different markets when there are no transportation costs and no differential taxes applied in two markets One Price Theory and PPP While this concept of one –price here in the example is being applied to one commodity, it can be applied universally to all other commodities in market as well. The Big Mac burger is one of the brightest examples of the application of One-Price to a commodity. It looks at the price of a big Mac burger across different countries. This way Purchase Power Parity applies not just to a single commodity but on general price level. This way we can universally derive a relation of One-Price theory and Purchase Power Parity. The Big Mac was created by Jim Delligatti in the year 1967 and introduced throughout the US in 1968. The Big Mac is now available in around 120 countries around the world and its composition is generally the same throughout – two all beef patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame seed bun. Since beef is not consumed in India, a special Mac known as the â€Å"Maharaja Mac† can be found with chicken patties replacing beef patties. In Islamic countries the Big Mac is made with Halal beef and in Israel it is made with Kosher beef. The price of a Big Mac in US is calculated by the average of 4 cities – Atlanta, New York, Chicago and San Francisco. The price of Big Mac in Euro area is calculated by the weighted average of prices in Euro area. The Big Mac considered in India is the Maharaja Mac. Country| Big Mac Price| Implied PPP rate +| Today's| Over(+) / Under(-) Valuation against the USD, % ++| | | | Exchange Rate| | in Local Currency| in US dollars| | 1 USD =| | US| $ 4. 07| 4. 07| —| 1| —| Argentina| Peso 20. 0| 4. 4153463| 4. 92| 4. 530| 8. 6175| Australia| A$ 4. 56| 4. 6373416| 1. 12| 0. 983| 13. 8996| Brazil| Real 9. 50| 5. 2511951| 2. 34| 1. 809| 29. 3452| Britain| ? 2. 39| 3. 7447139| 0. 59| 0. 638| -7. 5573| Canada| C$ 4. 73| 4. 6363004 | 1. 16| 1. 020| 13. 7021| Chile| Peso 1850| 3. 6281104| 455| 509. 907| -10. 7681| China| Yuan 14. 7| 2. 3129209| 3. 6| 6. 356| -43. 3570| Colombia| Peso 8400| 4. 326| 2066| 1941. 748| 6. 3990| Czech Republic| Koruna 69. 3| 3. 6412205| 17. 1| 19. 32| -10. 1517| Denmark| DK 28. 5| 5. 1401734| 7. 01| 5. 545| 26. 4302| Egypt| Pound 14. 1| 2. 3477628| 3. 47| 6. 006| -42. 2217| Euro area| Euro 3. 44| 4. 6013727| 1. 18| 0. 748| 57. 8378| Hong Kong| HK$ 15. 1| 1. 9404672| 3. 71| 7. 782| -52. 3236| Hungary| Forint 760| 3. 3439474| 187| 227. 276| -17. 7213| India| Rupee 84. 0| 1. 6163756| 20. 7| 51. 968| -60. 1679| Indonesia| Rupiah 22534| 2. 501274| 5543| 9009. 009| -38. 4727| Israel| Shekel 15. 9| 4. 2277811| 3. 91| 3. 761| 3. 9662| Japan| ? 320| 4. 1212269| 78. 7| 77. 647| 1. 3564| Malaysia| Ringgit 7. 20| 2. 2981176| 1. 7| 3. 133| -43. 5046| Mexico| Peso 32. 0| 2. 3459637| 7. 87| 13. 640| -42. 3040| New Zealand| NZ$ 5. 10| 3. 9382574| 1. 25| 1. 295| -3. 4741| Norway| Kroner 45. 0| 7. 832 1279| 11. 1| 5. 746| 93. 1925| Pakistan| Rupee 205| 2. 3019159| 50. 5| 89. 056| -43. 2943| Peru| New Sol 10| 3. 7022146| 2. 46| 2. 701| -8. 9255| Philippines| Peso 118| 2. 7064108| 29| 43. 600| -33. 4865| Poland| Zloty 8. 63| 2. 5572242| 2. 12| 3. 375| -37. 1806| Russia| Rouble 75. 0| 2. 3810975| 18. 5| 31. 498| -41. 2663| Saudi Arabia| Riyal 10. 0| 2. 6661761| 2. 46| 3. 751| -34. 4121| Singapore| S$ 4. 1| 3. 4060498| 1. 08| 1. 295| -16. 5865| South Africa| Rand 19. 45| 2. 3850647| 4. 78| 8. 155| -41. 3850| South Korea| Won 3700| 3. 2782| 910| 1128. 668| -19. 3740| Sweden| SKr 48. 4| 7. 1816695| 11. 9| 6. 739| 76. 5741| Switzerland| SFr 6. 5| 7. 036772| 1. 6| 0. 924| 73. 2128| Taiwan| NT$ 75. 0| 2. 4825847| 18. 5| 30. 210| -38. 7629| Thailand| Baht 70. 0| 2. 2628537| 17. 2| 30. 934| -44. 3985| Turkey| Lire 6. 5| 3. 5532705| 1. 6| 1. 829| -12. 5349| + The Purchasing Power Parity or the PPP rate is the price of Big Mac in local currency divided by the price in the US. Price of Big Mac (and corresponding implied PPP rates from The Economist and is the latest). ++ The Over/Under valuation against the dollar is calculated using Exchangerate’s latest rates ( i. e as of 09/12/2011): 100 x ( P P P – Exchange Rate) / Exchange Rate (Source http://www. exchangerate. com/) OBSERVATION The most overvalued of currencies is the European Nordic countries’ currencies and most undervalued is the Indian Rupee. At market exchange rates, the Burger is 60% cheaper in India than in US. In other words, the Indian rupee is 60% undervalued against the dollar. However it should be noted that cheap burgers in India don’t mean that the Indian rupee is highly undervalued. Average prices should be lower in poor countries than in rich ones because labor costs are lower. The chart in the Appendix A shows a strong positive relationship between the dollar price of a Big Mac and GDP per person. Purchasing Power Parity is actually an indicator where exchange rates should move in the long run. For estimating the current fair value of a currency, a best fit line is drawn between Big Mac prices and GDP per person. The price thus predicted after the best fit line is drawn is compared with the actual price and this provides a better estimation of the currency over and under valuation than the above index. The â€Å"beefed up† index shows that the Brazilian Real is the most overvalued in the world; the Euro is also slightly overvalued. However the two major developing countries – India and China appear to be almost equal to its fair values. ALTERNATIVE INDICES An index similar to the Big Mac index has also been developed by the financial company UBS as part of general compilation of differences in prices and incomes around the globe. The Economist  also comes out with variants of the same. For example in the month of January in 2004, it proposed a  Tall Latte index  by replacing the Big Mac with a Starbucks Tall Latte. Refer Appendix B for the same. Commonwealth Securities, an Australian bank's subsidiary, proposed to create the iPod index by using the concepts behind the Big Mac index. The banks contention that since the Big Mac index can be distorted by taxes, transport costs, labour laws and trade barriers in each country and the iPod was made in a single country – China, it made more sense to use the iPod as a measuring index. Since the iPod was made in a single country, the price should be broadly be the same all over the world and if the price difference were substantial, customers would switch their purchases to other countries (thanks to internet). However it was found to be ineffective since freight charges vary from country to country and countries such as US may get volume discounts. Bloomberg LP also introduced an alternative index known as Billy index after the iconic Ikea’s bookshelf. The index was calculated after converting the bookshelf’s price to US dollars. LIMITATIONS aapendix a APPENDIX B APPENDIX C (Exchange Rates as Of 9th December 2011) | | Country| Currency| ISO| 12-08-2011| 12-09-2011| % Change| | | ARGENTINA| Peso| ARS| 4. 52995| 4. 529656| -0. 01%|   | | | AUSTRALIA| Dollar| AUD| 0. 975877| 0. 983322| 0. 76%| |   | | AUSTRIA| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | | BELGIUM| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | BRAZIL| Real| BRL| 1. 804477| 1. 809112| 0. 26%|   | | CANADA| Dollar| CAD| 1. 014437| 1. 02021| 0. 57%| | | | CHILE| Peso| CLP| 508. 4706| 509. 9073| 0. 28%|   | | | CHINA| Yuan| CNY| 6. 362878| 6. 3556| -0. 11%| | | CZECH REP. | Koruna| CZK| 18. 90629| 19. 3208| 0. 67%|   | | DENMARK| Krone| DKK| 5. 542461| 5. 54456| 0. 04%| | | | EUROPEAN UNION| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | | FINLAND| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | FRANCE| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | | GERMANY| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | | | GREECE| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | HONG KONG| Dollar| HKD| 7. 776135| 7. 781631| 0. 07%| |   | HUNGARY| Forint| HUF| 227. 0945| 227. 2763| 0. 08%|   | | | ICELAND| Krona| ISK| 119. 1911| 118. 9654| -0. 19%| | | | INDIA| Rupee| INR| 51. 73987| 51. 96812| 0. 44%|   | | INTNL MON. FUND| SDR| XDR| 0. 642256| 0. 642147| -0. 02%| |   | | IRELAND| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | | ISRAEL| Sheqel| ILS| 3. 775473| 3. 760838| -0. 39%| |   | ITALY| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | JAPAN| Yen| JPY| 77. 60051| 77. 64678| 0. 06%| | | | KOREA (SOUTH)| Won| KRW| 1132. 612| 1146. 365| 1. 21%| | | KUWAIT| Dinar| KWD| 0. 277164| 0. 277164| 0. 00%| -| | | MEXICO| Peso| MXN| 13. 62357| 13. 64045| 0. 12%|   | | | NETHERLANDS| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | | NEW ZEALAND| Dollar| NZD| 1. 28856| 1. 294989| 0. 50%|   | | | NORWAY| Krone| NOK| 5. 70238| 5. 745565| -0. 43%| | | | PAKISTAN| Rupee| PKR| 89. 01636| 89. 05625| 0. 04%|   | | PERU| Sol| PEN| 2. 701086| 2. 701086| 0. 00%| -| | | PHILIPPINES| Peso| PHP| 43. 29727| 43. 60018| 0. 70%|   | | | POLAND| Zloty| PLN| 3. 360573| 3. 374753| 0. 42%| | | | PORTUGAL| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%|   | | ROMANIA| Leu| RON| 3. 23797| 3. 23797| 0. 00%| -| | | RUSSIA| Ruble| RUB| 31. 43216| 31. 49808| 0. 21%|   | | | SAUDI ARABIA| Riyal| SAR| 3. 750569| 3. 75069| 0. 00%| | | | SINGAPORE| Dollar| SGD| 1. 291813| 1. 294755| 0. 23%|   | | SLOVAKIA| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 4%| | | | SOUTH AFRICA| Rand| ZAR| 8. 204971| 8. 154915| -0. 61%|   | | | SPAIN| Euro| EUR| 0. 74732| 0. 747603| 0. 04%| | | SWEDEN| Krona| SEK| 6. 771076| 6. 73938| -0. 47%|   | | | SWITZERLAND| Franc| CHF| 0. 925818| 0. 923719| -0. 23%| | | | TAIWAN| Dollar| TWD| 30. 16208| 30. 21045| 0. 16%|   | | THAILAND| Baht| THB| 30. 77703| 30. 93439| 0. 51%| |   | | U. A. E. | Dirham| AED| 3. 673236| 3. 673236| 0. 00%| -| | | UKRAINE| Hryvnia| UAH| 8. 000472| 7. 998369| -0. 03%| |   | UNITED KINGDOM| Pound| GBP| 0. 637984| 0. 638233| 0. 04%|   | | | UNITED STATES| Dollar| USD| 1| 1| 0. 00%| -|

Displays the result Essay

To improve legibility the comments are displayed to the right of every TOM line of code, and not in the standard style. read keyin Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin load keyin Loads data from the store location keyin in to the accumulator sub minus Subtracts the store location minus from the accumulator store display Stores value in accumulator in the store location display print display Displays contents of the store location display on the screen stop Stops program execution minus data. 1 Initialises a store location minus with the value 1 in it keyin data 0 Initialises a store location keyin with the value 0 in it display data 0 Initialises a store location display with the value 0 in it 2. Write a TOM program that reads a number from the keyboard, multiplies it by 2, reads another number b from the keyboard, multiplies it by 3, and then displays the result. In other words, evaluate 2*a+3*b. read keyin1 Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin1 load keyin1 Loads data from the store location keyin1 in to the accumulator mult val1 Multiplies the accumulator by the store location val1 store display Stores value in accumulator in the store location display read keyin2. Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin2 load keyin2 Loads data from the store location keyin2 in to the accumulator mult val2 Multiplies the accumulator by the store location val2 add display Adds the store location display to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution val1 data 2 Initialises a store location val1 with the value 2 in it val2 data. 3 Initialises a store location val2 with the value 3 in it keyin1 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin1 with the value 0 in it keyin2 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin2 with the value 0 in it display data 0 Initialises a store location display with the value 0 in it total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it 3. Write a TOM program that displays two numbers, entered from the keyboard, in descending numerical order. read keyin1 Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin1 read keyin2. Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin2 load keyin1 Loads data from the store location keyin1 in to the accumulator sub keyin2 Subtracts the store location keyin2 from the accumulator jifz lower Transfers control to the instruction lower if the zero flag is set print keyin1 Displays contents of the store location keyin1 on the screen print keyin2 Displays contents of the store location keyin2 on the screen stop Stops program execution lower print keyin2 Displays contents of the store location keyin2 on the screen print keyin1. Displays contents of the store location keyin1 on the screen stop Stops program execution keyin1 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin1 with the value 0 in it keyin2 data 0 Initialises a store location keyin2 with the value 0 in it 4. Write a TOM program that reads a number N from the keyboard and displays the sum of all integers from 1 to N i. e. 1+2+3+†¦ +N. read keyin. Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin loop load sofar Loads data from the store location sofar in to the accumulator add one Adds the store location one to the accumulator store sofar Stores value in accumulator in the store location sofar add total Adds the store location total to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total load sofar Loads data from the store location sofar in to the accumulator sub keyin Subtracts the store location keyin from the accumulator jifn loop. Transfers control to the instruction loop if the sign flag is set print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution keyin data 0 Initialises a store location keyin with the value 0 in it one data 1 Initialises a store location one with the value 1 in it sofar data 0 Initialises a store location sofar with the value 0 in it total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it Alternatively, a more mathematical approach would be to use the below program. Observing the numbers inputted and outputted from the above program, I was able to find a relationship between the two numbers, this can be summarised by the below formula: (N x 0. 5) + 0. 5 x N = TOTAL The program using the above formula is simpler to write, uses far less processor cycles, and therefore far more efficient. read keyin Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location keyin load keyin Loads data from the store location keyin in to the accumulator mult val Multiplies. the accumulator by the store location val add val Adds the store location val to the accumulator mult keyin Multiplies the accumulator by the store location keyin store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution keyin data 0 Initialises a store location keyin with the value 0 in it val data . 5 Initialises a store location val with the value 0. 5 in it total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it TOM2 1. A mobile telephone company, Odear, makes a monthly standing charge of i 12. 50 and charges 5 pence per local call. Write a TOM program that reads the amount of calls made and displays the total monthly bill. read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen stop Stops program execution total data. 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data . 05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it 2. Expand your program of (1) so that the program jumps back to the beginning, ready to calculate another bill instead of ending. start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate. Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen jump start Transfers control to the instruction start stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data . 05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it 3. What’s wrong with the program in (2)? The program has no way of ending (normally), and will therefore loop continuously. 4. Modify (2) so that if the user enters 0 for the number of units the program terminates. start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator sub check Subtracts the store location check from the accumulator jifz end Transfers control to the instruction end if the zero flag is set mult rate. Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen jump start Transfers control to the instruction start end stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data . 05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it check data 0 Initialises a store location check with the value 0 in it 5. Now modify (4) so that the user can tell the system how many bills to calculate and the program terminates after running that many times. read billnum Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location billnum start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing. Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen load billnum Loads data from the store location billnum in to the accumulator sub billsub Subtracts the store location billsub from the accumulator store billnum Stores value in accumulator in the store location billnum jifz end Transfers control to the instruction end if the zero flag is set jump start. Transfers control to the instruction start end stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 12. 50 Initialises a store location standing with the value 12. 50 in it rate data . 05 Initialises a store location rate with the value . 05 in it billnum data 0 Initialises a store location billnum with the value 0 in it billsub data 1 Initialises a store location billsub with the value 1 in it 6. Finally, modify the program of (5) so that the user can first enter the price per unit, and the standing charge. Read rate Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location rate read standing Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location standing read billnum Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location billnum start read calls Reads data inputted by keyboard and stores in the store location calls load calls Loads data from the store location calls in to the accumulator mult rate Multiplies the accumulator by the store location rate add standing. Adds the store location standing to the accumulator store total Stores value in accumulator in the store location total print total Displays contents of the store location total on the screen load billnum Loads data from the store location billnum in to the accumulator sub billsub Subtracts the store location billsub from the accumulator store billnum Stores value in accumulator in the store location billnum jifz end Transfers control to the instruction end if the zero flag is set jump start. Transfers control to the instruction start end stop Stops program execution total data 0 Initialises a store location total with the value 0 in it calls data 0 Initialises a store location calls with the value 0 in it standing data 0 Initialises a store location standing with the value 0 in it rate data 0 Initialises a store location rate with the value 0 in it billnum data 0 Initialises a store location billnum with the value 0 in it billsub data 1 Initialises a store location billsub with the value 1 in it Modifications in TOM2 In question 1, the program initialises four store locations; rate to store the standard call rate of 0. 5, standing to store the standing charge of 12. 50, calls to store the number of calls made and total to store the total bill. The programs reads a value inputted by the user (number of calls), multiplies this value by the call rate, adds the standing order and displays it. Question 2 introduces a loop after the total has been displayed to the start of the program so that user may calculate another bill, this however is not ideal as there is no correct way to terminate the program normally. Question 4 combats this problem by allowing the user to enter 0 to terminate the program. This is done by introducing an additional store location called check with the value 0 assigned to it. The program subtracts check from the number of calls entered, if the result is 0 (0 – 0 = 0) then the zero flag is set, the jifz statement then transfers control to the end of the program, where it terminates normally. Question 5, in addition to the store location used in question 1 introduces two more; billnum to store the number of bills required and billsub, a store location containing the value 1. The user initially enters the number of bills required, this is stored in billnum, the program then calculates the bill in same way as question 1. After the bill has been displayed, the program subtracts billsub (1) from the number of bills, if the result is zero (ie no more bill to calculate) the zero flag is set, and using the jifz statement jumps to the end of the program. If the zero flag is not set (more bills to calculate) the program is looped back to enter more bill details. Question 6, allows the user to enter the standing charge, rate of calls and number of bills before the bills are calculated, these are stored in their respective locations (standing, rate and billnum) before the program continues to execute in the same way as question 5. CSO Tutorial 4 Exercise 2. 1 We wish to compare the performance of two different machines: M1 and M2. The following measurements have been made on these machines: Program Time on M1 Time on M2 1 10 seconds 5 seconds 2 3 seconds 4 seconds Which machine is faster for each program and by how much? For program 1, M2 is 5 seconds(or 100%) faster than M1. For program 2, M1 is 1 second (or 25%) faster than M2. Exercise 2. 2 Consider the two machines and programs in Exercise 2. 1. The following additional measurements were made: Program. Instructions executed on M1 Instructions executed on M2 1 200 x 106 160 x 106 Find the instruction execution rate (instructions per second) for each machine running program 1. Instructions executed = Instructions per second (instruction execution rate) time(seconds) M1 200000000 = 20000000 10 = 20 x 106 Instructions per second or 20 Million Instructions per second M2 160000000 = 32000000 5 = 32 x 106 Instructions per second or 32 Million Instructions per second Exercise 2. 3 If the clock rates of machines M1 and M2 in Ex 2. 1 are 200 MHz and 300 MHz respectively, find the clock cycles per instruction (CPI) for program 1 on both machines using the data in Ex 2. 1 & 2. 2. Clock rate = clock cycles per instruction (CPI) Instruction execution rate M1 200000000 = 10 clock cycles per instruction (CPI) 20000000 M2 300000000 = 9. 375 clock cycles per instruction (CPI) 32000000 Question 4 Draw a full flowchart of the final TOM program produced at the end of exercise TOM2. This should include all the instructions, loops and all the program labels in the appropriate places.

Death Penalty Persuasive Essay Essay

The death penalty is an issue that has the United States quite divided. While there are many supporters of it, there is also a large amount of opposition. There are five different forms of execution in the United States: hanging, electrocution, lethal injection, lethal gas, and firing squad. All of these should be illegal. Capital punishment is defined as killing of someone for a crime. But also, murder is defined as killing one human being by another. Both are acts of violence. There is nothing more inhumane than tolerating the killing of another human being. According to the Abolitionists, capital punishment is nothing but an act of violence. There are 32 states with the death penalty, and they must change. These states need to abolish it on the grounds that it carries a dangerous risk of punishing the innocent, is cruel, and for religious reasons. The United States needs to abolish capital punishment in the states that allow it. To fully understand why they should abolish the death penalty, I will first analyze the reasons why they should. First reason the death penalty should be abolished is because the risk of punishing somebody innocent. â€Å"We’re only  ­human, we all make mistakes,† is a commonly used phrase, but it is tried and true. Humans, as a species, are famous for their mistakes. However, in the case of the death penalty, error becomes too dangerous a risk. The innocent lives that have been taken with the approval of our own government should be enough to abolish capital punishment. The wrongful execution of an innocent person is an injustice that can never be rectified. There’s always the chance of the innocent being in the wrong place at the wrong time. A handful of evidence from a strong lawyer could sentence someone to life in prison, and even the death penalty. One could be spending and ending his life in captivity for simply walking down the wrong street on the wrong day. That person does not deserve to serve the time that’s not rightfully his. It’s a small fault in the justice system that is not easy to overcome. In the case of the death penalty, error becomes too dangerous to risk. The innocent lives that have been taken with the approval of our own government  should be enough to abolish capital punishment. Another reason to abolish the death penalty is because it is cruel. Many people favor the death penalty because it helps families get over the wrong done to the family; however, in most cases, closure is not the result. Losing a loved one, no matter how that person is lost, is unbearable. Pain like this is shocking and the victim’s family holds onto the hope that the execution of the murderer will bring relief and closure. Nevertheless, when execution day arrives, the pain is not eased. No relief can be gained, for their pain is an unavoidable, natural process of life. They believe that they are different from those who have taken their loved ones and they demonstrate their  ­difference by refusing to sink to a murderer’s level. According to Edna Weaver, whose daughter was murdered in New Jersey, expressed relief that the defendant was spared the death penalty. She said that she did not want William Severs Jr. executed for killing Tina Lambriola in 2002 because she wanted to spare his mother the pain of losing a child. â€Å"I’m so thankful it came out the way it did. . . . I wouldn’t want another mother to feel like I do — it’s a feeling I could never put into words. . . . At least his mother will be able to write to him, she will be able to send things to him,† Weaver stated. Finally, the last reason they should abolish capital punishment is because religious reasons. Many religions, such Catholicism, follow the rules that God sent to use through the Ten Commandments. One of the most important of those ten states, â€Å"Thou shall not kill.† If you are executing an individual, that clearly violates this commandment. Murdering any person, no matter what the individual has been convicted of, is a mortal sin. In the Old Testament; the Lord said that it is okay to give a man Capital punishment if he has committed serious crime. Then in the New Testament he said we should not take the life of another man but if that man disobeys the laws of his country then he shall be punished equally according to what he had done. With the many advances that society has made, executing people for crimes the person may have or may not have committed is still practiced. It violates so many religious beliefs. It is a cruel and unusual practice that must be done away with. Society must advance and eliminate the death penalty. We need to understand that the best way to prevent any possible  murders in the future is not let the killer walk free. Nothing good comes of hate, and nothing good can ever come from capital punishment. It cannot continue to be accepted by a nation that claims to have liberty and justice for all. The death penalty is murder on the sly and it’s dead wrong.

The Evolution of IBM Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Evolution of IBM - Case Study Example The competencies thus shifted away from technical quality and towards knowledge, experience and personnel expertise (Carlson). The emphases was on focus, speed, customers, teamwork and execution. The company was centralized, global core processes were standardized, metrics were redesigned, and the focus was on the marketplace and the customer (Carlson). How would you describe Louis Gerstner’s implementation style of IBM’s competitive strategy in the early 1990s? The implementation style of IBM’s corporate strategy was focused upon streamlining the operation and cutting costs. IBM cut its workforce to a low of 220,000 employees in 1994, and used other cost reductions for the company. This was half of the competitive strategy. The other half was that Gerstner recognized that the company should continue to provide integrated solutions. The previous idea was that IBM would divide into separate companies that emphasized separate competencies. The idea was that IBM could bundle and customize solutions for customers, packaging hardware, software and services together in a customized bundle (Carlson). Because IBM was centered around an idea, as opposed to a certain technology, it was able to adapt to changing business climates that occur when new technologies arise, and the magazine The Economist states that companies who are rooted in a philosophy, not a product, are the companies who will be around in 100 years (â€Å"The Test of Time,â⠂¬  2011). ... Because IBM was centered around an idea, as opposed to a certain technology, it was able to adapt to changing business climates that occur when new technologies arise, and the magazine The Economist states that companies who are rooted in a philosophy, not a product, are the companies who will be around in 100 years (â€Å"The Test of Time,† 2011). The company also dropped low margin industries, such as personal printers and hard drives. Its focus was on high profit margin businesses, with a focus on becoming a technology integrator. It also acquired the management consulting and technology services arm of Pricewaterhouse Cooper, which was a boon for its services division (Carlson). What are the implications of the globally integrated enterprise model for marketing managers in the Australia and New Zealand subsidiary of IBM? The implications are that, even though the New Zealand and Australian marketing managers are working for a subsidiary of IBM, they will have to adhere to the corporate ethos of IBM. Moreover, they will be controlled by the centralized unit of IBM, and the products and services that they will be producing will be products and services which are approved by centralized management at IBM. The values, processes and shared services will be those of IBM. It appears that IBM has abandoned the strategy of having parents and children in the corporate sense, and more that each of the offices around the world are a part of IBM, and not independent. Discuss the elements of the marketing strategy that makes IBM successful in today’s global marketplace. One of the important elements of the marketing strategy is that IBM integrates production and value delivery worldwide, while depending upon state borders less

Research Brief for HR Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Brief for HR Development - Essay Example Training employees on team building will improve their skills, knowledge and attitudes in the workplace especially for a certain task. It will also make the employees open to each other thus increasing the confidence at work place. â€Å"The make versus Buy† decisions are the best available resources that HRD will use in the program. These includes resources that will be use to assist with conducting needs assessment, guiding the employees in implementing the program, provision of supplemental training materials and selecting a trainer who will train the employees (Lee & Bruvold, 2003). Therefore, in the selection of a trainer it is important for HRD to outsource because most of the time the organizations do not have the expertise of designing the programs in-house. The trainer may be outsourced from a consulting firm and selecting in terms of credentials, experience, cost, and philosophy. Objectives must be set in order to show the performance in which the HRD wants its employees to achieve and exhibit before they consider them as competent. The trainer should have knowledge and varied skills that are designed and implemented in the program. When the trainer prepares an advanced level of expertise, the train will be an effective one. It is good to use different training methods and techniques. The trainer translates the objectives of the program in an executable training session and a training guide in order for the team-building program to success (Lee & Bruvold, 2003). In summary, activities that are involved in the implementation processes of an HRD program such as team building include assessing the needs of employees and areas that need development to better serve the needs. The second phase is that HRD is to design the intended benefits of the program, which include performance improvement and behaviour change of the employees (Vinaya, Mahatab & Kumar, 2013). The final activity is to

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Research - Essay Example He also feels this especially towards Biff who he thinks was doing particularly well until he went on to campus and failed his mathematics and thus never finished it. The psychological context is also brought out by the fact that Willy’s family and friends feel that he is losing his sanity (Miller 15). Happy and Biff discuss the mental degradation of their father but do not bring this out to him since they feel that he would not accept what they are telling him, his wife Linda is also aware of his mental problems but won’t tell him either because she is trying to unite the family which already appears on the verge of splitting up. Willy’s problems do however show themselves when he gets into an argument with his boss Howard over the rejection of his application for a town job. Willy loses his temper over a trivial matter showing his volatility and the dangers of depression. Willy’s spiral into depression is also shown by his constant hallucinations. He con stantly hallucinates of his past years of success such as 1928 when he was driving a red Chevrolet (Miller 13) of having conversations with his older brother as well point to his dementia. The constant hallucinations are thought to be a defense mechanism for the harsh realities that he is facing and were to prevent the onset of full scale depression, this however is not avoided as at the end of the play he still succumbs to it and commits suicide. Several factors are responsible for this depression the most important being his denial of the reality that he is not as successful as he imagines himself to be, and that Biff was never the successful football player that he imagines himself to be The success that Biff had was instead a touchdown that he scored while in high school. Willy’s imagination of success is shown when he goes to confront Howard’s father about his sacking citing the time in 1928 when he earned an extremely large bonus, he defends himself towards his b oss by citing the time twenty years ago when he found financial success and this is what he uses as his defense to have himself reinstatedâ€Å". The play is set in 1949 showing that Willy’s peak are twenty years past and yet he still clings on to them to prevent his acknowledgement that he is not as successful as he dreams(Miller 82). The theme of unrealistic parental expectations is constantly shown in Willy who believes that his son Biff is a failure, he wants his son to take up a job as a salesman and constantly berates him for not, he keeps reminding him about his high school successes and clings on them as proof that Biff has potential. He also keeps pressuring Bill to marry as he says that he was popular with everybody both boys and girls but as Linda points out Biff is rough with women and so it is difficult for him to settle down (Miller 31). The relationship between Linda and Happy also show how her expectations of him are more than what he can be even when trying, she complains that Happy should be doing more with his life and yet Happy is constantly providing money for her and Willy to use to supplement his income. Happy also has motivation to succeed and wants to become the manager of his store however